The Theory Of Human Morality Essay - 1215 Words

Argument While the author have attempted to present experimental support for many of his conclusions, his interpretation of empirical observations suffers from two primary defects. First of all, he underestimated the role of selection in shaping many aspects of morality; such selection influences moral decisions through biological and cultural mechanism, and could explain many phenomena that author claims to be accidental; second, his approach in distinguishing innate, intuitive moral sense from deliberated, rational moral judgment overlooked their evolutionary connections. As I will argue in subsequent paragraphs, rational and intuitive moralities may be the products of coordinated evolution; a reciprocal interaction between the two underlies moral development of a typical human being. These two defects are not trivial ones: they might shake author’s major argument—that human morality arises from a limited set of inborn moral principles and matures only through reasoni ng—to its roots. They show that the author overlooked the evolutionary logic behind the innate component of morality, and negated the connection between evolution and rational morality. In general, the defects makes the author’s argument difficult to fit into the broad context of evolution. In the final chapter of the book, the author divided our potential targets of interactions into three main categories: kin, in-group and strangers. Generally, these categories correspond to three major forms ofShow MoreRelatedEvolution and Moral Truths Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagestheir point of view, morals come directly from God and can not be proven by physical and earthly means such as evolution. This paper will examine the opposing idea, which states that evolution does in fact provide evidence for morality and that moral truths can back up the theory of evolution. In order to fully examine this argument, it must first be determined what moral and absolute truths are. Attempting to define absolute truths is quite difficult. In today’s culture, it is often confused withRead MoreThe Natural Law Theory Of Human Nature954 Words   |  4 PagesIt is our human nature that makes us feel great when we get a job and makes us feel horrible for something we steal something. This is because it feels natural for us to feel that we did something right or wrong. The natural law theory tells us that an action is morally right if it is natural and an action is wrong if it is unnatural. This means that human morality comes from nature and has a purpose to live a good life. If someone’s actions are preventing them from making them live a good life,Read MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory914 Words   |  4 PagesCommand theory as weak because it makes morality mysterious. According to the Divine Command Theory, nothing is good nor bad, unless God’s thinking makes it so. For example, child abuse. Child abuse is wrong, but according to this theory, it is neither right nor wrong (because the God’s have not commanded it so). If the God’s were to command that child abuse was right, this still does not make child abuse right, so therefore this theory is untenable and makes us further question morality and thisRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of morality is the rules for right action and prohibitions against wrong acts. Sometimes morality is the single set of absolute rules and prohibitions that are valid for all men at all times and all societies. More loosely, a morality can be any set of ultimate principles, and there may be any number of moralities in different societies. Examples would be don’t cheat, don’t steal, and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on morality, there areRead M oreReligion And Morality On The Hunt Of Finding The Author Of What We Know As Social Norms952 Words   |  4 PagesGod as Author of Morality There is always controversy around when we bring any topic related to religion to the table and it is not different when we talk about morality. This paper will explore the controversial side that plays religion and morality in the hunt of finding the author of what we know as social norms. In this philosophy paper, we will discuss the origin and evolution of the Divine Command Theory and we will analyze an objections against this theory cited by Plato (Atenas, 427 - 347Read MorePersonhood Refereed As Self Awareness Theory872 Words   |  4 PagesPersonhood refereed as self-awareness theory was developed by a philosopher, DeGrazia, in his book of Great Apes. The theory explains two concepts that define who a human is. The first concept is intentional doing; if a person is able to do things internationally then he or she qualifies to be a human according to the theory. The founder of this theory states that this is the main reason why chimpanzees are not categorized as human beings ( DeGrazia 38). Applying it in the book, Kathy was makingRead MoreNietzsche997 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different types of moral theory. One, the divine command theory, states that the moral code by which we should abide comes down to us from the ten commandments of God. There is also Kants view that reason dictates the commandments of morality. The moral law, according to Kant, is derivable from our own rational faculties and, not surprisingly, Gods ten commandments can be found along with other maxims in our rationality. However, Nietzsche ascribed to neither of these views. BornRead MoreThe Development Of Morals1700 Words   |  7 Pagesis a debate over whether morality is learned, or something humans are born with. A number of experiments have shown that the latter may be a large part of the truth. Infants seem to have basic concepts of empathy, helping others, and punishment before they can speak or participate in society. However, humans continue to develop their morals throughout their lives. These findings simply support the idea that there is an evolved base moral core that is present in all humans from birth. Many prominentRead MoreThe Father of Classical Political Economy, Adam Smith, Believed People Are Driven by Morality1499 Words   |  6 PagesWas appointed the Chair of Logic at University of Glasgow; the next year he was appointed the Chair of Moral Philosophy, which was the position of his old teacher Francis Hutcheson (Rae chapter 1 n.p.n.d, web 10 11-2013). In 1759 he published The Theory of Moral Sentiments, it was embodied several of his lectures from his roles at Glasgow. He was teaching subjects such as natural theology and ethics before moving into law and government. This book is a conglomerate of notes and lectures that heRead MoreAristotle And Kant s Theory Of Justice1327 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant is essentially to compare modern philosophy to classic philosophy. Aristotle’s theory of justice links together ethics and politics; while Kant’s theory of justice is based on strictly defined principles of morality. Modern philosopher Michael J. Sandel provides a detailed analysis of each theory in his book Justice: What’s the Right Thing to do? Although the key features of Aristotle’s and Kant’s theories are mostly different in nature, there are also some key similarities between the two

Notes On Delinquency Prevention Programs - 4174 Words

Running head: DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAMS 1 16 17 Delinquency Prevention Programs Alton Johnson American Military University Abstract This research paper will describe a variety of delinquency prevention programs as well as why they are beneficial for today?s society. Pivotal questions regarding the purpose of delinquency programs will be addressed through proven and current research. These programs when coupled with increased parental involvement are proven to be more effective. In my research, studies will also show that mentorship and positive reinforcement are the two most effective factors for rehabilitation after completion of these programs. In today?s society, there is an alarming new trend of more and more adolescents becoming juvenile delinquents, and at an earlier age than previous years. This trend is mostly male dominant but also contain its female offenders. Researchers have studied a number of reasons, topics, and causes for the increasing trend of juvenile delinquency in adolescents and have come to a wide range of conclusions and presumptions based on their research. In these studies researchers looked at a number of topics and questions; what is the definition of juvenile delinquency? What are the current/ recent youth criminology rates and demographics? What are the origins of juvenile delinquency? What are the parental influences on juvenile delinquency? What are the external influences on juvenileShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Believe Biological Or Genetic Risk Factors1554 Words   |  7 PagesGenes are said to affect a person’s ability to learn some behaviors more readily than others, have ev olved through the natural selection process and predispose people to fluctuating degrees of criminal behavior (Ellis and Walsh, 1997). Important to note with the gene-based evolutionary theory is it does not imply a person’s genes cause criminal behavior, i.e. a â€Å"criminal gene† does not exist and cannot be inherited, rather their genes have evolved through natural selection making them more susceptibleRead MoreEssay on Gang Reduction Program1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2003 as a response to communities with a large amount and growing number of youth gangs the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice, initiated the Gang Reduction Program (GRP) (U.S. Department of Justice 2008). The formation of gangs is seen as a response to system failures and community dysfunction. As a result, one of OJJPD’s anti-gang initiatives is to make communities safer and have a pro-social environment (U.S. Departme ntRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 Pagesseverely mentally ill (Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 2014). Federal level policy protection of juveniles, who committed crimes and were sentenced to punishment by confinement, was not recognized until the Juveniles Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act was passed in 1974. The JJDP Act required that â€Å"(1) youth offenders were to have â€Å"sight and sound separation from adult offenders to prevent any contact between the two groups; (2) youth who have committed status offenses (iRead MoreThe Labeling Theory For Juvenile Delinquency1577 Words   |  7 Pagesof us must be held in check or â€Å"controlled† if we are to resist the temptation to commit criminal or delinquency acts, this paper will dissect some important contributions the labeling theory has made to the study of juvenile delinquency (pg.107). In addition, we will discuss the labeling process, some causes of becoming labeled and also the prevention steps taken to decrease juvenile delinquency. Growing up we all have the possibilities of making mistakes that can either teach us a lesson or costRead MoreEvaluation Of Mentoring Programs For The United States1732 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Woltjer 11/16/2016 Course Project Part 2 Matz shows that mentoring programs were first instituted in the U.S. in the late 19th century as an alternative to incarceration to be used in Juvenile Courts under the supervision of probation officers (2014). According to Matz, these sentencing policies were inspired by the progressive era’s focus on alleviating the mass poverty that was caused by industrialization, immigration, and urbanization (2014). Blakeslee and Keller state that â€Å"The highlyRead MoreDisplacement And Diffusion, Mass Media And Crime Prevention1222 Words   |  5 Pages3: Displacement and Diffusion, Mass Media and Crime Prevention, General Deterrence Sem Crime Prevention/Control LaBrittani Poole-James October 6, 2017 Grambling State University Assignment 3: Displacement and Diffusion, Mass Media and Crime Prevention, General Deterrence 1. Evaluate the types of Crime Displacement Crime Displacement entails the relocation of a crime an aspect that can result from the actions of Police in their crime prevention efforts. Crime displacement results from various reasonsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Crime967 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Delinquency is a crime categorize mainly based on age. Juvenile delinquency the definition under the criminal law it generally refers to behavior which shall be subject to criminal penalties for people age under 18 being implemented. Juvenile delinquency is an increasingly common social problem facing the U.S currently. The problem of juvenile delinquency is also very prominent, and the severity of their crimes have been gaining awareness of the whole society. Poor social environment isRead MoreCause And Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 Pagescontinue to assert the probable causes and effects of juvenile delinquency (peaking during teenage phase 15-19) and its increasing provocations into adulthood (declining during the early twenties 40-60%) (National Institute of Justice, 2014). Offenders that were severely delinquent and violent during early youth (below age twelve) posed a higher probability of continuity of offending into the adult phase, in which a Pittsburgh Youth Study notes that 52-57% of juvenile delinquents maintain continuity ofRead MoreHigh Risk Youth : A Public Health Approach By Doctor Dawn Delfin Mcdaniels1368 Words   |  6 Pagesto identify the risk factors of high-risk youth and by doing so, also identify violence-prevention strategies (McDaniels, 2012). McDaniels analyzed data from the CDC’s 2004 cross-sectional survey ‘Youth Violence Survey: Linkages Among Different Forms of Violence’. The data collected from 4,131 youths in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12, in high-risk, urban schools, was used to find an association between delinquency, depression, gang membership, suicidal tendencies, peer victimization, family support, parentalRead More Juvenile Crime Essay example975 Words   |  4 Pagesrate of juvenile crimes involvin g a firearm is higher on school days than non-school days. Statistics on Juvenile Court Case Flow Of every 1,000 petitioned adjudicated delinquency cases handled in 1997, 177 resulted in formal probation and 94 resulted in residential placement following adjudication. In many formally handled delinquency cases that did not result in juvenile court adjudication, the youth agreed to informal services or sanctions, including out-of-home placement, informal probation, and

Chosen By Potok Essay Example For Students

Chosen By Potok Essay Malters Development in The Chosen One of the most emotional scenes from Chaim Potoks The Chosen is when Reuven goes with Danny Saunders to talk to his father. Danny has a great mind and wants to use it to study psychology, not become a Hasidic tzaddik. The two go into Reb Saunders study to explain to him what is going to happen, and before Danny can bring it up, his father does. Reb Saunders explains to the two friends that he already known that Reuven is going to go for his smicha and Danny, who is in line to become the next tzaddik of his people, will not. This relates to the motif of Individuality and the theme of Dannys choice of going with the family dynasty or to what his heart leads him. The most developing character from the novel is Reuven Malter. One of the ways that he developes in the novel is in hus understanding of friendship. His friendship with D fanny Saunders is encouraged by his father, but he is wary of it at first because Danny is a Hasid, and regards regular Orthodox Jews as apikorsim because of the teachings of his father. Reuven goes from not being able to have a civil conversation with Danny to becoming his best friend with whom he spens all of his free time, studies Talmud and goes to college. Reuven truly grows because he leans, as his father says, what it is to be a friend. Another way that Reuven grows is that he learns to appreciate different people and their ideas. He starts out hating Hasidim because its the pious thing to do, even though his father who I see as the Atticus Finch of this novel keeps telling him that its okay to disagree with ideas, but hating a person because of them is intolerable. Through his friendship with Danny, studies with Reb Saunders, brief crush on Dannys sister who was never given a name, and time spent in the Hasidic community, he learns that Hasids are people too with their own ideas and beliefs that are as valuable as his. He learns why they think, act, speak, and dress the way that they do and comes to grips with the fact that he doesnt have a monopoly on virtue. A third way in which Reuven grows, though the book doesnt really talk about it a great deal, is in his appreciation of life, or chaim in Hebrew. He almost loses his vision, his father nearly works himself to death, six million Jews are butchered in Europe, and Dannys brothers poor health threatens Dannys choice to not become a tzaddik. When his eye is out of order he cant read, and indeed does remark that its very difficult to live without reading, especially with a voracious appetite for learning such as his. His father almost dies twice and he talks about how difficult it is to live all alone in silence which is a metaphor alluding to Dannys everyday life for the month while his father is in the hospital. He sees Reb Saunders and his father feeling the suffering of the six million dead, Saunders by crying and being silent, David Malter by working for the creation of a Jewish state and being a leader in the movement, in addition to teaching at a yeshiva and adult education classes. And of course Danny is very worried by his brothers illness hemophillia? because if he dies it will be even harded for Danny to turn down his tzaddikship. By the end of the book, Reuven Malter is a very changed character. Potok is an expert with using allusion and metaphor. Very subtly throughout the book he uses this for the purposes of renforcing his points, foreshadowing, and to make the book a better read when youve read it previously and know the outcome. .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a , .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .postImageUrl , .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a , .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:hover , .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:visited , .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:active { border:0!important; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:active , .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f12a5b4f2e2fec8b1b6c0f922d4270a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Both 'The Signalman and The Darkness out There have unexpected endings EssayOne example of this, one that I missed the first time I read the book in 7th grade is the paragraph at the end of chapter nine where Reuven is sitting on his porch and sees a fly trapped in a spiders web with the arachnid builder approaching. He blows on the fly, first softly, and then more harshly, and the fly is free and safe from the danger of the spider. This is a metaphor to Danny being trapped in the filmy, almost invisible strands of the web 165 that is a metaphor for the Hasidic clan that has Danny somewhat captured and expected to become a tzaddik.

Overpopulation is not the necessary and inevitable Essay Example For Students

Overpopulation is not the necessary and inevitable Essay consequence of high density of population. Tiny Monaco, a principality in southern Europe about half the size of New Yorks Central Park, has a crude density of nearly 20,000 people per square kilometer (50,000 people per sq. mi). Mongolia, a sizable state of 1,565,000 square kilometers (604,000 sq. mi. ) between China and Siberian Russia, has 1.5 persons per square kilometer (4 per sq. mi.); Iran, only slightly larger, has 37 per square kilometer. Macao, an island ossession of Portugal off the coast of China, has more than 26,000 persons per square kilometer; the Falkland Islands off the atlantic coast of Argentina count at most 1 person for every 6.5 square kilometers of territory. No conclusions about conditions of life, levels of income, adequacy of food, or prospects for prosperity can be drawn from these density comparisons. Overpopulation can be equated with levels of living or conditions of life that reflect a continuing imbalance between numbers of people and carrying capacity of the land. One measure of that imbalance might be the unavailability of food supplies sufficient in caloric content to meet individual daily energy requirements or so balanced as to satisfy normal nutritional needs. Unfortunately, dietary insufficiencies with long-term adverse implications for life expectancy, physical vigor, and mental development are most likely to be encountered in the developing countries, where much of the population is in the younger age cohorts. If those developing countries simultaneously have rapidly increasing population numbers dependent on domestically produced foodstuffs, the prospects must be for continuing undernourishment and overpopulation. Much of sub-Saharan Aftica finds itself in this circumstance. Africas per capita food production decreased 25% between 1960 and 1990, and a further 30% drop is predicted over the following quarter century as the popluation-food gap widens. Egypt already must import more than half the food it consumes. Africa is not alone. The international Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projects that by A.D. 2000, no less than 65 separate countries with some 30% of the population of the developing world will be unable to feed their inhabitants from their own national territories at the low level of agricultural technology and inputs apt to be employed. Even rapidly industrializing China, an exporter of grain until 1994, has become a net grain importer; if its massive and growing population continues its new dependence on imported basic foodstuffs, world grain surpluses and food aid flows will be seriously affected. .